What is Lynch Syndrome?
December 09, 2020What is Lynch Syndrome?
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Dr. Xavier Llor discusses what lynch syndrome is and how it affects your risk of various cancers.
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- 00:00So in General, Lynch syndrome is amount
- 00:02where we got multi cancer syndrome.
- 00:04So while colon and endometrial
- 00:06cancer are the ones that carry the
- 00:08highest risk for Lynch syndrome,
- 00:10in fact it's in multi cancer syndrome
- 00:13where there are other organs that
- 00:15have also carry a high risk of
- 00:17cancer from ovaries to the rest of
- 00:19the GI tract to the urinary track.
- 00:21So so it has to be approached as
- 00:24such as a multi cancer syndrome.
- 00:26The Lynch syndrome is due to
- 00:29mutations in a set of genes that are.
- 00:32Called Miss my trooper jeans
- 00:33and their job is really fixing
- 00:35particular types of defects in the
- 00:38DNA daughter chains that are created.
- 00:40Those defects do happen in a regular basis
- 00:43as daughter kids keep getting created.
- 00:45Our bodies not perfect,
- 00:47but everybody has those mechanisms
- 00:49to really fix those defects.
- 00:50When those genes are mutated
- 00:52they can do their job of fixing
- 00:55those errors and those are start
- 00:57propagating and the new cells that are
- 01:00generated become cells that are not.
- 01:02Well controlled,
- 01:03and that's how cancer evolves
- 01:04in Lynch syndrome.
- 01:05In general,
- 01:06cancers do develop fast and Lynch syndrome,
- 01:09even though the prognosis
- 01:10in general is better.
- 01:12But the key thing for Lynch syndrome
- 01:14is very early diagnosis early,
- 01:17so we can catch cancers.
- 01:19Probably in general,
- 01:20the cancer risk varies for colon,
- 01:22for instance,
- 01:23in Lynch syndrome can go from 12%
- 01:25for one of the mutations called PMS,
- 01:28two to about 50% for the more comma,
- 01:31or the jeans that carry a higher risk.
- 01:34So there's quite a bit of variability.
- 01:37So it's important for us to know
- 01:39which is the particular gene that's
- 01:41causing with children and the other
- 01:44types of cancers we talk about also
- 01:46vary depending on on the type of gene.
- 01:49For instance, the endometrial cancers
- 01:51have a high Association with MSN Six,
- 01:53another is my trooper gene,
- 01:55so those are important details,
- 01:57so lynching them as a whole is an entity,
- 02:00but it has a lot of flavors,
- 02:03and often they depend on that particular
- 02:06gene that's effective when it comes to.
- 02:08Lynch syndrome,
- 02:10with why dentify individuals
- 02:12who carry the genetic defects.
- 02:16We do have surveillance strategies,
- 02:19chemopreventive strategies,
- 02:20and that, and also surgical
- 02:23interventions that can prevent cancer.
- 02:27For colon, colonoscopy is well accepted in.
- 02:33Procedure that does help
- 02:34prevent colon cancer.
- 02:35It has to be done very, very in a very.
- 02:41Uh,
- 02:42every one to two years to make sure
- 02:44that we catch the cancers early,
- 02:47not because we said those answers
- 02:49about class for endometrial
- 02:50and ovarian cancer risk.
- 02:52Often it comes down to discussing
- 02:54hysterectomy after childbearing
- 02:55age most of the time,
- 02:57so they're interventions are really
- 02:58tailored to the to the patients.
- 03:01Aspirin as a chemopreventive agent
- 03:02has been found to be a very effective
- 03:05agent when taken in high doses,
- 03:07so there are studies going on
- 03:09right now trying to identify if
- 03:12lower doses could have.
- 03:13A significant preventive effect for cancer,
- 03:16too,
- 03:16so there's other things in the
- 03:18horizon and chemopreventive
- 03:20world too. So in general we have
- 03:22learned a lot about the children
- 03:24we are still learning a lot,
- 03:27but we do know how to effectively
- 03:29prevent cancer, Lynch syndrome,
- 03:31and that's why it's so
- 03:33important to diagnose it,
- 03:34and that's why it's so important
- 03:36to diagnose that individuals
- 03:38who never had cancer before,
- 03:40so we can actually prevent
- 03:42that develop these answers.