2024
Immunotherapy Initiation at the End of Life in Patients With Metastatic Cancer in the US
Kerekes D, Frey A, Prsic E, Tran T, Clune J, Sznol M, Kluger H, Forman H, Becher R, Olino K, Khan S. Immunotherapy Initiation at the End of Life in Patients With Metastatic Cancer in the US. JAMA Oncology 2024, 10: 342-351. PMID: 38175659, PMCID: PMC10767643, DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.6025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNon-small cell lung cancerEnd of lifeMonth of deathImmunotherapy initiationCohort studyMAIN OUTCOMEStage IV non-small cell lung cancerCharlson-Deyo comorbidity indexHigh metastatic burdenInitiation of immunotherapyNational prescribing patternsRisk-adjusted patientsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsRetrospective cohort studyStage IV melanomaPercentage of patientsHigh-volume centersLocation of metastasesLow-volume centersOdds of deathCell lung cancerNational Clinical DatabaseLow-volume facilitiesDrug Administration approvalCheckpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapy utilization in stage IIIA melanoma: less may be more
Frey A, Kerekes D, Khan S, Tran T, Kluger H, Clune J, Ariyan S, Sznol M, Ishizuka J, Olino K. Immunotherapy utilization in stage IIIA melanoma: less may be more. Frontiers In Oncology 2024, 14: 1336441. PMID: 38380358, PMCID: PMC10876869, DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1336441.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchStage IIIA melanomaHigh-volume centersRisk-adjusted survivalLow-volume centersImmunotherapy utilizationAdjuvant immunotherapyStage IIIATreatment of stage III melanomaAcademic centersMultivariable Cox proportional hazards regressionStage III melanomaNational Cancer DatabaseStage III diseaseFactors associated with receiptCox proportional hazards regressionCompare patient outcomesProportional hazards regressionIII melanomaImmunotherapy receiptReceiving immunotherapyIII diseaseImmunotherapy agentsOverall survivalSurvival benefitAdjuvant treatment
2023
A bedside to bench study of anti-PD-1, anti-CD40, and anti-CSF1R indicates that more is not necessarily better
Djureinovic D, Weiss S, Krykbaeva I, Qu R, Vathiotis I, Moutafi M, Zhang L, Perdigoto A, Wei W, Anderson G, Damsky W, Hurwitz M, Johnson B, Schoenfeld D, Mahajan A, Hsu F, Miller-Jensen K, Kluger Y, Sznol M, Kaech S, Bosenberg M, Jilaveanu L, Kluger H. A bedside to bench study of anti-PD-1, anti-CD40, and anti-CSF1R indicates that more is not necessarily better. Molecular Cancer 2023, 22: 182. PMID: 37964379, PMCID: PMC10644655, DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01884-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStable diseasePartial responseMacrophage populationsThree-drug regimenUnconfirmed partial responsePhase I trialLimited treatment optionsMonocyte/macrophage populationNon-classical monocytesMurine melanoma modelTreatment-related changesResultsThirteen patientsWorse survivalI trialInflammatory tumorPatient populationTreatment optionsImmune cellsDisease progressionMurine studiesPreclinical modelsResistant melanomaAntigen presentationMurine modelCyTOF analysis
2022
Coupled fibromodulin and SOX2 signaling as a critical regulator of metastatic outgrowth in melanoma
Oria VO, Zhang H, Zito CR, Rane CK, Ma XY, Provance OK, Tran TT, Adeniran A, Kluger Y, Sznol M, Bosenberg MW, Kluger HM, Jilaveanu LB. Coupled fibromodulin and SOX2 signaling as a critical regulator of metastatic outgrowth in melanoma. Cellular And Molecular Life Sciences 2022, 79: 377. PMID: 35737114, PMCID: PMC9226089, DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04364-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTumor suppressor Hippo pathwayNovel regulatory mechanismTumor vasculogenic mimicryMetastatic outgrowthExtracellular matrix componentsHippo pathwayRegulatory mechanismsMolecular eventsTumor-stroma interactionsCritical regulatorMetastatic competenceProgenitor markersProliferative stateFunctional roleFunctional studiesSOX2Vasculogenic mimicryDistinct phenotypesMatrix componentsEarly developmentFmodHigh expressionCritical processOutgrowthImportant roleImmune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hypophysitis and Patterns of Loss of Pituitary Function
Jessel S, Weiss SA, Austin M, Mahajan A, Etts K, Zhang L, Aizenbud L, Perdigoto AL, Hurwitz M, Sznol M, Herold KC, Kluger HM. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hypophysitis and Patterns of Loss of Pituitary Function. Frontiers In Oncology 2022, 12: 836859. PMID: 35350573, PMCID: PMC8958012, DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836859.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchImmune checkpoint inhibitorsRenal cell carcinomaCombination immune checkpoint inhibitorsCell carcinomaClinical experienceSelect casesIncidence of hypophysitisInstitution's clinical experienceYale Cancer CenterObjective response rateAdrenal axis hormonesFree testosterone levelsMerkel cell carcinomaHigh rateMultiple tumor typesCheckpoint inhibitorsPituitary axesReal-world practiceFree testosteroneMedian timeMelanoma patientsOverall incidencePituitary functionTreatment delayAxis hormonesAutoimmune retinopathy with associated anti-retinal antibodies as a potential immune-related adverse event associated with immunotherapy in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma: case series and systematic review
Heng JS, Kim JM, Jones DK, Stoessel KM, Weiss SA, Sznol M, Kluger HM, Walter SD, Silverstein NA, Pointdujour-Lim R. Autoimmune retinopathy with associated anti-retinal antibodies as a potential immune-related adverse event associated with immunotherapy in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma: case series and systematic review. BMJ Open Ophthalmology 2022, 7: e000889. PMID: 35047671, PMCID: PMC8724805, DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000889.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdvanced cutaneous melanomaAnti-retinal antibodiesImmune-related adverse eventsAutoimmune retinopathyCutaneous melanomaNivolumab immunotherapySystematic reviewAdverse eventsMucosal melanomaAcute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathyPotential immune-related adverse eventsBilateral visual field lossNew visual symptomsImmune checkpoint inhibitionRetrospective chart reviewCutaneous melanoma patientsVaried clinical manifestationsVisual field lossComplete ophthalmic examinationScreening of patientsMeta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelinesPreferred Reporting ItemsVitelliform maculopathyChart reviewFunduscopic changes
2021
Outcomes of Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients With Brain Metastases
Uezono H, Nam D, Kluger HM, Sznol M, Hurwitz M, Yu JB, Chiang VL. Outcomes of Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients With Brain Metastases. American Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2021, 44: 495-501. PMID: 34432667, DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000849.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsRCC brain metastasesBrain metastasesRenal cell carcinomaStereotactic radiosurgeryOverall survivalUse of ICIsCentral nervous system toxicityRenal cell carcinoma patientsImpact of immunotherapyLocal control outcomesMedian overall survivalCell carcinoma patientsKaplan-Meier curvesNervous system toxicityBetter median OSLog-rank testMann-Whitney U testMargin doseMedian OSNonimmunotherapy groupSRS doseCheckpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapy groupCarcinoma patientsA Phase I Study of APX005M and Cabiralizumab with or without Nivolumab in Patients with Melanoma, Kidney Cancer, or Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1
Weiss SA, Djureinovic D, Jessel S, Krykbaeva I, Zhang L, Jilaveanu L, Ralabate A, Johnson B, Levit NS, Anderson G, Zelterman D, Wei W, Mahajan A, Trifan O, Bosenberg M, Kaech SM, Perry CJ, Damsky W, Gettinger S, Sznol M, Hurwitz M, Kluger HM. A Phase I Study of APX005M and Cabiralizumab with or without Nivolumab in Patients with Melanoma, Kidney Cancer, or Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1. Clinical Cancer Research 2021, 27: 4757-4767. PMID: 34140403, PMCID: PMC9236708, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0903.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnti-PD-1/PD-L1Non-small cell lung cancerCell lung cancerRenal cell carcinomaPD-L1Lung cancerDisease progressionCommon treatment-related adverse eventsPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitorsTreatment-related adverse eventsPhase 2 doseSubstantial clinical challengeUnconfirmed partial responseDose-limiting toxicityPD-L1 inhibitorsPhase I trialDose-escalation designPro-inflammatory cytokinesMultiple tumor typesAsymptomatic elevationStable diseaseIntolerable toxicityAdverse eventsMedian durationPartial response
2020
Bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214) plus Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Safety, Efficacy, and Immune Activation (PIVOT-02)
Diab A, Tannir NM, Bentebibel SE, Hwu P, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Haymaker C, Kluger HM, Gettinger SN, Sznol M, Tykodi SS, Curti BD, Tagliaferri MA, Zalevsky J, Hannah AL, Hoch U, Aung S, Fanton C, Rizwan A, Iacucci E, Liao Y, Bernatchez C, Hurwitz ME, Cho DC. Bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214) plus Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Safety, Efficacy, and Immune Activation (PIVOT-02). Cancer Discovery 2020, 10: 1158-1173. PMID: 32439653, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1510.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungCarcinoma, Renal CellFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyInterleukin-2Kidney NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsLymphocyte CountLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMaleMelanomaMiddle AgedNivolumabPolyethylene GlycolsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsAdvanced solid tumorsPD-L1 statusSolid tumorsGrade 3/4 treatment-related adverse eventsPD-1/PD-L1 blockadeCommon treatment-related adverse eventsPhase I dose-escalation trialPoor prognostic risk factorsTotal objective response rateI dose-escalation studyI dose-escalation trialLongitudinal tumor biopsiesPD-L1 blockadeT-cell enhancementTreatment-related deathsObjective response ratePhase II doseDose-escalation studyDose-escalation trialDose-limiting toxicityFlu-like symptomsPrognostic risk factorsTumor-infiltrating lymphocytesCytotoxicity of CD8Survival after checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic acral, mucosal and uveal melanoma
Klemen ND, Wang M, Rubinstein JC, Olino K, Clune J, Ariyan S, Cha C, Weiss SA, Kluger HM, Sznol M. Survival after checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic acral, mucosal and uveal melanoma. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2020, 8: e000341. PMID: 32209601, PMCID: PMC7103823, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000341.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCheckpoint inhibitorsOverall survivalMetastatic melanomaPrimary tumorLocal therapyCutaneous melanomaAnti-PD-1 antibodyAggressive multidisciplinary approachCutaneous primary tumorPrimary tumor histologyMedian overall survivalSingle institutional experienceRare melanoma subtypeMedian OSMetastatic diseaseProgressive diseaseAcral skinComplete responsePD-1PD-L1Uveal tractTumor histologyCombination therapyCTLA-4Longer survivalDefining tumor resistance to PD-1 pathway blockade: recommendations from the first meeting of the SITC Immunotherapy Resistance Taskforce
Kluger HM, Tawbi HA, Ascierto ML, Bowden M, Callahan MK, Cha E, Chen HX, Drake CG, Feltquate DM, Ferris RL, Gulley JL, Gupta S, Humphrey RW, LaVallee TM, Le DT, Hubbard-Lucey VM, Papadimitrakopoulou VA, Postow MA, Rubin EH, Sharon E, Taube JM, Topalian SL, Zappasodi R, Sznol M, Sullivan RJ. Defining tumor resistance to PD-1 pathway blockade: recommendations from the first meeting of the SITC Immunotherapy Resistance Taskforce. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2020, 8: e000398. PMID: 32238470, PMCID: PMC7174063, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000398.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCancer immunotherapyClinical definitionNew agentsPD-1/PD-L1 blockadePD-1 pathway blockadeConsensus clinical definitionPD-L1 blockadeDeath receptor-1Immunotherapy of cancerStandard of careClinical trial designTreatment discontinuationMechanisms of resistancePathway blockadeClinical trialsConfirmatory scanPrimary resistancePatient benefitSecondary resistanceTrial designTreatment approachesUnmet needReceptor 1Tumor resistancePattern of response
2019
Treatment-Free Survival: A Novel Outcome Measure of the Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition—A Pooled Analysis of Patients With Advanced Melanoma
Regan MM, Werner L, Rao S, Gupte-Singh K, Hodi FS, Kirkwood JM, Kluger HM, Larkin J, Postow MA, Ritchings C, Sznol M, Tarhini AA, Wolchok JD, Atkins MB, McDermott DF. Treatment-Free Survival: A Novel Outcome Measure of the Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition—A Pooled Analysis of Patients With Advanced Melanoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2019, 37: 3350-3358. PMID: 31498030, PMCID: PMC6901280, DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00345.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsTreatment-free survivalHigher treatment-related adverse eventsKaplan-Meier curvesTherapy initiationAdvanced melanomaICI therapyEnd pointGrade 3Outcome measuresLonger treatment-free survivalImmuno-oncology agentsSystemic therapy initiationThird end pointTreatment-free timeImmune checkpoint inhibitionSurvival end pointsEvent end pointsNovel outcome measuresCheckMate 067ICI cessationAdverse eventsTherapy cessationCheckpoint inhibitionPooled analysisPatterns of failure after immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors predict durable progression-free survival after local therapy for metastatic melanoma
Klemen ND, Wang M, Feingold PL, Cooper K, Pavri SN, Han D, Detterbeck FC, Boffa DJ, Khan SA, Olino K, Clune J, Ariyan S, Salem RR, Weiss SA, Kluger HM, Sznol M, Cha C. Patterns of failure after immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors predict durable progression-free survival after local therapy for metastatic melanoma. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2019, 7: 196. PMID: 31340861, PMCID: PMC6657062, DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0672-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsThree-year progression-free survivalProgression-free survivalDisease-specific survivalFive-year disease-specific survivalPatterns of failureDurable progression-free survivalLocal therapyStereotactic body radiotherapyMetastatic melanomaNew metastasesPatient selectionIndependent radiological reviewOngoing complete responseResultsFour hundred twentyEvidence of diseaseCNS metastasisCPI treatmentImmunotherapy failureCheckpoint inhibitorsMost patientsProgressive diseaseRadiological reviewComplete responsePD-1PD-L1A First-in-Human Study and Biomarker Analysis of NKTR-214, a Novel IL2Rβγ-Biased Cytokine, in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors
Bentebibel SE, Hurwitz ME, Bernatchez C, Haymaker C, Hudgens CW, Kluger HM, Tetzlaff MT, Tagliaferri MA, Zalevsky J, Hoch U, Fanton C, Aung S, Hwu P, Curti BD, Tannir NM, Sznol M, Diab A. A First-in-Human Study and Biomarker Analysis of NKTR-214, a Novel IL2Rβγ-Biased Cytokine, in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors. Cancer Discovery 2019, 9: 711-721. PMID: 30988166, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1495.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNKTR-214Tumor biopsiesDurable disease stabilizationImmuno-oncology agentsMulticenter phase IPathway-targeted agentsTreatment tumor biopsiesPhase II doseActivation of CD8Metastatic solid tumorsNatural killer cellsOutpatient regimenCheckpoint inhibitorsDisease stabilizationRegulatory cellsEffector phenotypeKiller cellsTreatment algorithmImmune activationTumor shrinkagePharmacodynamic markersImmune cellsClinical activityIL2 receptorHuman studiesOphthalmic Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immunotherapy: A Single-Site Case Series
Kim J, Materin MA, Sznol M, Kluger H, Weiss S, Chow J, Stoessel K, Kombo N, Del Priore L, Pointdujour-Lim R. Ophthalmic Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immunotherapy: A Single-Site Case Series. Ophthalmology 2019, 126: 1058-1062. PMID: 30735682, PMCID: PMC6933747, DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.031.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2018
Long-Term Survival of Patients With Melanoma With Active Brain Metastases Treated With Pembrolizumab on a Phase II Trial
Kluger HM, Chiang V, Mahajan A, Zito CR, Sznol M, Tran T, Weiss SA, Cohen JV, Yu J, Hegde U, Perrotti E, Anderson G, Ralabate A, Kluger Y, Wei W, Goldberg SB, Jilaveanu LB. Long-Term Survival of Patients With Melanoma With Active Brain Metastases Treated With Pembrolizumab on a Phase II Trial. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2018, 37: 52-60. PMID: 30407895, PMCID: PMC6354772, DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.00204.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain metastasis responseBrain metastasesMetastasis responseAdverse eventsAnti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) agentsDeath ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressionModified Response Evaluation CriteriaPhase II clinical trialActive brain metastasesAsymptomatic brain metastasesCD8 cell densityNeurologic adverse eventsPembrolizumab-treated patientsUse of pembrolizumabMelanoma brain metastasesPrimary end pointLigand 1 expressionPhase II trialResponse Evaluation CriteriaT-cell infiltratesUntreated brain metastasesDeath ligand 1Two-year survivalOverall survival timeResult of progressionCollateral Damage: Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Induced With Checkpoint Inhibitors
Stamatouli AM, Quandt Z, Perdigoto AL, Clark PL, Kluger H, Weiss SA, Gettinger S, Sznol M, Young A, Rushakoff R, Lee J, Bluestone JA, Anderson M, Herold KC. Collateral Damage: Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Induced With Checkpoint Inhibitors. Diabetes 2018, 67: dbi180002. PMID: 29937434, PMCID: PMC6054443, DOI: 10.2337/dbi18-0002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalAutoimmune DiseasesB7-H1 AntigenDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeHLA-DR4 AntigenHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin SecretionIsoantibodiesKetosisModels, ImmunologicalNeoplasmsPancreasPancreatitisProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorConceptsInsulin-dependent diabetesCheckpoint inhibitorsAdverse eventsHLA-DR4Classic type 1 diabetesPD-L1 checkpoint inhibitorsEvidence of pancreatitisImmune adverse eventsSolid organ cancersType 1 diabetesPeridiagnosis periodPositive autoantibodiesL1 antibodyInsulin-DependentHigh riskPatientsDiabetesCancerInhibitorsKetoacidosisAutoimmuneAutoantibodiesPancreatitisComplicationsSyndromeA Serum Protein Signature Associated with Outcome after Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma
Weber JS, Sznol M, Sullivan RJ, Blackmon S, Boland G, Kluger HM, Halaban R, Bacchiocchi A, Ascierto PA, Capone M, Oliveira C, Meyer K, Grigorieva J, Asmellash SG, Roder J, Roder H. A Serum Protein Signature Associated with Outcome after Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma. Cancer Immunology Research 2018, 6: 79-86. PMID: 29208646, DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0412.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute phase reactantsCheckpoint inhibitorsOverall survivalPhase reactantsIpilimumab-treated patientsPD-1 blockadeTrials of nivolumabBetter overall survivalIndependent patient cohortsPretreatment serumPD-1Melanoma patientsValidation cohortMetastatic melanomaMultipeptide vaccinePatient cohortPooled analysisWorse outcomesClinical dataPatientsMultivariate analysisComplement cascadeMass spectrometry analysisNivolumabCohort
2017
Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma: Updated Survival, Response, and Safety Data in a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study
Callahan MK, Kluger H, Postow MA, Segal NH, Lesokhin A, Atkins MB, Kirkwood JM, Krishnan S, Bhore R, Horak C, Wolchok JD, Sznol M. Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma: Updated Survival, Response, and Safety Data in a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2017, 36: jco.2017.72.285. PMID: 29040030, PMCID: PMC5946731, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.72.2850.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhase I dose-escalation studyTreatment-related adverse eventsI dose-escalation studyDose-escalation studyAdvanced melanomaOverall survivalAdverse eventsOS ratesClinical activityGrade 3Common grade 3Doses of nivolumabDurable clinical activityModified WHO criteriaNivolumab Plus IpilimumabTreatment-related deathsUntreated advanced melanomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorsMedian overall survivalObjective response rateLong-term followSubsequent clinical developmentConcurrent nivolumabCheckpoint inhibitorsExpansion cohortPD-L1 Studies Across Tumor Types, Its Differential Expression and Predictive Value in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Kluger HM, Zito CR, Turcu G, Baine M, Zhang H, Adeniran A, Sznol M, Rimm DL, Kluger Y, Chen L, Cohen JV, Jilaveanu LB. PD-L1 Studies Across Tumor Types, Its Differential Expression and Predictive Value in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Clinical Cancer Research 2017, 23: 4270-4279. PMID: 28223273, PMCID: PMC5540774, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3146.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerPD-L1 expressionRenal cell carcinomaPD-1 inhibitorsCell carcinomaImmune-infiltrating cellsMelanoma patientsPD-L1Tumor cellsTumor typesTumor-associated inflammatory cellsCTLA-4 inhibitorsCell lung cancerRenal cell carcinoma cellsHigh response rateClin Cancer ResCell linesMelanoma tumor cellsPD-1Multivariable analysisNSCLC specimensInflammatory cellsLung cancerTissue microarrayResponse rate